What Is Reformation Day and Why Does It Matter?
The Church Reformed, Always Reforming

Introduction

As October 31 approaches, it seems the whole world  is carving pumpkins, dressing up, and gearing up for large amounts of candy. But for the church, this date commemorates something quite different and eminently more profound: Reformation Day. Observed annually on October 31, Reformation Day commemorates the pivotal moment in 1517 when Martin Luther nailed his Ninety-Five Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, Germany. This event ignited a movement that reshaped not only the church but Western civilization as a whole. So, what exactly is Reformation Day, and why does it matter today?

 

Understanding Reformation Day

Reformation Day is rooted in a single act of courageous conviction. In the early 16th century, the church was mired in practices that troubled believers. The sale of indulgences—payments said to reduce punishment for sins—exemplified the widespread abuses. Martin Luther, a young German monk and professor, could no longer remain silent about the church’s theological errors, particularly regarding the nature of salvation.

So, with a few hammer blows heard ‘round the world, he posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the gates of Wittenberg Cathedral. Courageously, Luther challenged the practices and doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church, especially the notion that salvation could be bought or earned. Luther’s fundamental contention was that salvation is a gift of God’s grace, accessed by faith alone, not through human merit or monetary transactions. This core principle, now known as sola fide (faith alone), would become a pillar of Protestant belief and spark theological debate, study, and reform across Europe.

Luther’s act was a catalyst for change, but he did not work alone. Other reformers like John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli took up the cause, advancing theological insights that became foundational to Protestantism. Together, these leaders shaped a movement that re-emphasized the authority of Scripture (sola scriptura), the centrality of faith in salvation, and the priesthood of all believers, democratizing access to God’s Word and worship.

 

Essential Doctrines of the Reformation

The Reformation is often summarized by five key doctrines known as the solas: sola scriptura (Scripture alone), sola fide (faith alone), sola gratia (grace alone), solus Christus (Christ alone), and soli Deo gloria (to the glory of God alone). These principles were the theological bedrock upon which the Reformers built a new vision for the church.

1. Sola Scriptura (Scripture Alone): The Reformers insisted that Scripture, not church tradition or human authority, is the ultimate standard of faith and practice. This emphasis on biblical authority encouraged believers to engage with Scripture directly rather than relying solely on clergy for interpretation.
2. Sola Fide (Faith Alone): Luther’s primary grievance against the Roman Catholic Church centered on how one is made right with God. The doctrine of justification by faith alone taught that human beings are justified—made right with God—not by their own works but through faith in Christ’s finished work on the cross.
3. Sola Gratia (Grace Alone): Salvation, the Reformers argued, is an unmerited gift from God. Grace alone excludes any notion of earning God’s favor; it is entirely the work of a loving God who bestows salvation out of his mercy.
4. Solus Christus (Christ Alone): The Reformers emphasized that Christ is the sole mediator between God and humanity. Only through Christ’s atoning death and resurrection can anyone find true reconciliation with God.
5. Soli Deo Gloria (To the Glory of God Alone): This principle reinforced that all of life, including salvation, is ultimately for God’s glory. The Reformers sought to redirect focus away from human accomplishments and achievements, underscoring that every aspect of our faith should magnify God’s greatness.

These doctrines were not only theological clarifications; they also led to social changes. They influenced education and individual rights and encouraged translations of the Bible into vernacular languages. Reformation teachings effectively broke down barriers, giving ordinary Christians direct access to the Word of God and empowering them in their faith.

 

Why Reformation Day Matters Today

Over five centuries later, the significance of Reformation Day endures. The Reformation did not merely shape doctrine; it redefined the Christian life and continues to impact believers and the broader society. Here are three ways Reformation Day remains relevant for today’s church:

 

1. Biblical Literacy and Accessibility: One of the Reformation’s most lasting legacies is its emphasis on Scripture’s accessibility. Reformers translated the Bible into common languages so every believer could read and understand God’s Word. This impulse toward biblical literacy resonates today as we witness widespread biblical illiteracy. Reformation Day reminds us to return to Scripture, read it for ourselves, and ground our beliefs in its teachings.
2. A Call to Faith and Trust in Christ Alone: At the heart of the Reformation was the reminder that faith is a personal response to God’s grace, centered on Christ’s redemptive work. In an age of self-help spirituality and moralism, Reformation Day calls us back to the gospel’s core: that salvation cannot be earned or merited but is a gift received by trusting in Christ alone. This message is countercultural but vital, encouraging believers to rest in God’s grace rather than striving to earn His approval.
3. Encouragement to Stand Firm in Truth: Luther’s boldness in standing for truth against great opposition is an example to Christians today. In a world that often challenges biblical truth, Reformation Day calls for courage. Just as Luther defended the gospel in the face of societal and ecclesiastical pressure, believers are called to uphold Scripture’s teachings with humility and conviction. The Reformation was not only about doctrinal reformation but a revival of commitment to live according to God’s truth, no matter the cost.

 

Celebrating Reformation Day

When Christians celebrate Reformation Day, we aren’t merely remembering a historical event. We are recommitting ourselves to the biblical principles that guided the Reformers: adherence to Scripture, reliance on God’s grace, and the pursuit of His glory. Some churches mark Reformation Day with special services or educational events, while others use it as a time for reflecting on the gospel’s implications for all of life. For families, it can be a meaningful opportunity to discuss the significance of Scripture and faith in individual lives, passing down the Reformation’s legacy to the next generation.

Reformation Day calls us to remember that the church is always in need of renewal. The Reformers’ rallying cry, ecclesia reformata, semper reformanda—”the church reformed, always reforming”—reminds us that the journey of faith is ongoing. As we celebrate Reformation Day, may we embrace this call to reformation, asking God to renew our faith, deepen our commitment to Scripture, and embolden us to stand firm in the gospel!